Multiplication
3rd Grade Standards3.OA.1 Interpret products of whole numbers, e.g., interpret 5 x 7 as the total number of objects in 5 groups of 7 objects each. (Note: These standards are written with the convention that a x b means a groups of b objects each; however, because of the commutative property, students may also interpret 5 x 7 as the total number of objects in 7 groups of 5 objects each).
3.OA.3 Use multiplication and division within 100 to solve word problems in situations involving equal groups, arrays, and measurement quantities, e.g., by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem. 3.OA.4 Determine the unknown whole number in a multiplication or division equation relating three whole numbers. For example, determine the unknown number that makes the equation true in each of the equations 8 × ? = 48, 5 = ? ÷ 3, 6 × 6 = ?. 3.OA.7 Fluently multiply and divide within 100, using strategies such as the relationship between multiplication and division, e.g., knowing that 8 × 5 = 40, one knows 40 ÷ 5 = 8 or properties of operations. Limit to division without remainders. By the end of Grade 3, know from memory all products of two one-digit numbers. |
Vocabfactor
product commutative property |
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Multiplying by 0
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Any number multiplied by 0 equals 0.
5 x 0 = 0 27 x 0 = 0 0 x 3 = 0 82 x 0 = 0 0 x 156 = 0 |
Multiplying by 1
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Any number multiplied by 1
equals that number. 5 x 1 = 5 27 x 1 = 27 1 x 3 = 3 82 x 1 = 82 1 x 156 = 156 |
Multiplying by 2
To multiply x2, just double the number.
2 x 5 = 5 + 5
2 x 5 = 5 + 5
Multiplying by 3
Multiplying by 4
4 x 4 is a mean machine. I'm going to get one when I'm 16.
Multiplying by 5
Think of the minute hands on a clock to multiply by 5. The product will always end in 0 or 5.
Multiplying by 6
6 times 6 is 36. Now go outside and pick up sticks.
7 x 6 isn't hard to do. 7 x 6 is 42.
Multiplying 6 Times an Even Number
6 x 2 = 12 (1 is half of 2)
6 x 4 = 24 (2 is half of 4)
6 x 6 = 36 (3 is half of 6)
6 x 8 = 48 (4 is half of 8)
Multiplying by 7
56 = 7 x 8 because 5, 6, 7, 8
7 x 7 = 49. Seven touchdowns (and extra points) add up to 49.
7 x 7 = 49. Seven touchdowns (and extra points) add up to 49.
Multiplying by 8
6 and 8 went on a date. They didn't get back until they were 48.
56 = 7 x 8 because 5, 6, 7, 8
I ate and ate and got sick on the floor. 8 x 8 is 64.
8 and 8 went to the store to buy Nintendo 64.
56 = 7 x 8 because 5, 6, 7, 8
I ate and ate and got sick on the floor. 8 x 8 is 64.
8 and 8 went to the store to buy Nintendo 64.
Multiplying by 9
Multiplying by 10
x10 Add 0 to the digit you are multiplying.
10 x 1 = 10 10 x 2 = 20 10 x 3 = 30 10 x 4 = 40 10 x 5 = 50 10 x 6 = 60 10 x 7 = 70 10 x 8 = 80 10 x 9 = 90 |
This works for larger numbers too.
10 x 15 = 150 10 x 26 = 260 10 x 351 = 3,510 10 x 46 = 460 For x100, add 2 zeroes. 100 x 5 = 500 100 x 65 = 6,500 100 x 789 = 78,900 |
Multiplying by 11
Multiplying by 12
Commutative Property
The order of the factors can be changed around and the product remains the same.
5 x 1 = 5 and 1 x 5 = 5
3 x 2 = 6 and 2 x 3 = 6
14 x 10 = 140 and 10 x 14 = 140
5 x 1 = 5 and 1 x 5 = 5
3 x 2 = 6 and 2 x 3 = 6
14 x 10 = 140 and 10 x 14 = 140